This article first appeared in Tne Independent on October 1, 2017, here.
Just in my lifetime Spain has been ruled by a military dictator, restored a monarchy, restored democracy, had a military coup, had a terrorist separatist organisation kill innocent civilians, joined the EU, joined the Euro, just escaped a near financial collapse, and had a king abdicate.
Read with this historic context Spain is in a much more perilous shape than you may think. With this past weekend’s Catalonian referendum, Spain became just a little more fragile. It may not be a basket case of a country, but nor is it an island of stability.
Catalonia sits in the North-East of Spain, bordering France and includes one of Spain’s tourist gems: Barcelona. Catalonia has its own history, language and culture and is granted both ‘Nationality’ status and autonomy within the Spanish Constitution. It is also a region with long history of nationalist politics.
Fifteen years ago, I was best-man at my good friend Marc’s wedding, in the rural areas of Catalonia, and I came to understand Catalonian nationalism first hand. I remember fondly trying to talk with Marc’s father, who refused to speak Spanish, only Catalan and a bit of French. He didn’t speak English, I didn’t speak Catalan and my French was pretty poor but, with copious amounts of Catalan red wine and Cava, we found a way to communicate.
He was and remains still a proud Catalonian. His son Marc represented Spain in swimming and also represented Catalonia in national competitions.
Over this past weekend, the regional government held a referendum on Catalonian Independence, yet the Spanish Government declared the vote unlawful. This past weekend I have been in touch with Marc as he, along with several his friends, volunteered to guard polling stations. They were guarding polling stations, not from thugs or criminals, but from Spanish police.
Marc has sent me, and social media has been full of, images of Spanish police kicking non-violent protesters, throwing them down stairs and breaking into buildings. On some video, Spanish police are shown holding back Catalonian police who ought to intervene to help Catalonian voters.
Can you ever imagine a scenario were Australian Federal Police and Victorian State Police were in a stand-off against each other? How frightening that would feel. And this is what is happening in Spain right now.
Under the Spanish Government’s direction, and following a Spanish Court’s ruling that the vote was illegal, Spanish riot police managed to forcibly close 93 out of around 2000 polling stations. The Spanish minister responsible for policing said that the national police acted within their powers, and the Spanish Prime Minister somehow sought to tell votes that the voting didn’t even take place.
Regardless of what one things of either the legality of the vote, the rights and wrongs of separation, or even the rights and wrongs of the Spanish police actions, one does not convince a people to stay within a country by beating them into silence.
It may well be true that on a strict reading of the Spanish Constitution a dissolution and a referendum are unlawful. It may be true that on one reading of Spanish law, all Spaniards would have to vote on a region’s independence, not just Catalonia.
However, Australia has an ‘indissoluble Commonwealth’, yet we allowed a referendum in WA, not all of Australia, for their independence in 1933. Even though the vote passed WA stayed within the country.
In 1995, the Canadians allowed Quebec to vote to secede, not all of Canada. Quebec voted to stay, albeit just. In 2014, the British allowed Scotland to vote on independence, not all of the UK. Scotland voted to stay.
After the events in Kosovo in 1999 the EU, including Spain, declared that only Kosovo had to vote on their independence, not all of Serbia.
So even if the Spanish government is legally correct, is the current action either politically smart or even consistent with the majority of international practice?
It is hard to mount an argument that in a democracy people should be forced by police to stay away from polling stations and not exercise their free will. It is hard to see how this weekend’s actions will result in a lower demand for independence and a strengthened Spanish state. Quite the reverse.
In my discussions with Catalonian people many don’t want independence, but they do support the right to vote. Yet some I have spoken to over the past 36 hours have changed their view.
“If the central government is too afraid to hear our voices,’ said one formerly pro-Spain voice, ‘I no longer want to part of this country’.
Over on the North-West coast, in Spain’s Basque Country, other independence minded people are watching closely. ETA, the Basque terrorist group, have been respecting a cease fire for many years now. But will they now?
Successful modern democracies are built on government’s respecting the will of the people. Successful modern unions, like Canada, Australia and present day UK are built on ensuring that the regions want to stay part of the country, not be forced to stay part of the country. Spain should have gone the persuasion route, not the force route.
When a government needs to resort to violence, that pitches a central government police force against a regional government police force, things can get very ugly very quickly indeed.
Andrew MacLeod 